Advancement of sports begins with fairness. However, wrong calls in sports which are dubbed “unscripted dramas” are no more part of games. Ordinary people, as well as athletes, can encounter disputes over refereeing decisions due to strong desire to win and violent atmosphere in various sports such as baseball, soccer, etc., which they enjoy as everyday sports have been widely spread. Under those circumstances, wrong calls or unfair calls, whether by mistake or by intention, can cause strong trauma to athletes, although decisions are made by referees, the third parties who are not involved in games but equipped with concerned expertise to ensure objectiveness of decisions. Several referees are deployed to help prevent such unfair calls. However, calls by referees are not always correct and right. Although disputes over wrong calls have decreased to some extent as a result of adoption of electronic refereeing system and video-based decision, the issue of wrong calls can be escalated into a social problem, coupled with the concern that such wrong calls may lead to manipulation of competition when yardsticks of referees decisions are likely to be affected for reason of race, nationality, and discrimination against specific athletes or teams. Referees hold the key to fairness of sports and we cannot anticipate fair sports without fair rules. Such obvious logic needs to be reconsidered at this point. Wrong calls can be committed occasionally because referees are also human beings. However, the adoption of electronic refereeing system and image reading system might be attributed to the lack of humanness and morality leading to wrong calls or unfair calls, rather than lack of ability of referees to make correct and right decisions. In other words, current reliance on refereeing machinery may arise from the attempt to maintain vested interests and absolute authority of referees despite frequent unfair calls in sports. As famous games need famous referees, the role of referees is taking on an added importance in constantly evolving sports technologies. If costs incurred from introduction of electronic refereeing system or image readers can be stumbling blocks, it would be effective to operate them intensively for some refereeing cases by using TV broadcasts or analyzing refereeing decisions causing controversies over wrong calls, thereby alerting public to wrong calls and unfair calls. Regarding the concern that video-based decisions may hinder the flow of games, healthy sports culture which can be recognized and accepted by all people needs to be taken root, rather than the challenges of wrong calls in respect of suspicion and skepticism that cannot be resolved at all.