This study analyzes the discourses surrounding the “Haneuli Law,” a legislative initiative triggered by the 2025 Daejeon elementary school homicide, to explore how divergent perceptions of school safety and teacher management systems shape policy judgments and responses. Drawing on a constructionist perspective that understands policy not as a neutral instrument but as a process constituting social identities and power relations, the study examined transcripts from four rounds of focus group discussions involving teachers, parents, education officials, and field experts. Applying a policy argument analysis framework, the findings reveal consensus on the normative value of safeguarding student safety, but also expose divergent argumentative structures: teachers emphasized concerns over over-legislation and stigmatization, parents stressed the necessity of mandatory legislation, and expert groups highlighted procedural legitimacy and legal coherence. These results demonstrate that even a shared recognition of crisis can produce divergent policy trajectories, as differences in causal interpretation lead to bifurcated judgments and responses. The study confirms that policy design and implementation debates are not mere opinion conflicts, but negotiation processes in which social perceptions, values, and emotional frames intersect. It further suggests the necessity of policy communication strategies that enable conditional institutional design attentive to both student safety and the professional particularities of teaching.