Purpose: In this study a review was done of studies using the RAI-FC (Resident Assessment Instrument-Facility Care) or RAI-HC (Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care) to examine older adults at home or in long-term care institutions in Korea. Methods: A literature review was conducted using five major health-related databases and search included a set of key words and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Selected studies were categorized by purpose, and the studies in each category were systematically reviewed. Results: Forty-six studies published between 2000 and 2011 were identified. The number of studies per year increased starting in 2008. A majority of the studies adopted the instruments for comprehensive clinical assessment and program evaluation. The instruments were also useful in providing decision support for case management and evaluation of required nursing time for elders, although such evidence was limited. Almost three fourths of the studies targeted elders living at home. Conclusion: Existing studies support the usefulness of the RAI instruments for evidence-based quality care and policy development as well as comprehensive assessments and care planning for older people with long-term care needs. Further study is necessary to provide evidence for the usefulness and feasibility of applying the RAI instruments to the beneficiaries of Long-term Care Insurance.