The purpose of this study was to develop a self-care training program for elders with diabetes based on self-efficacy promotion resources and test the effect of the program. This 6-week long (total 12 hours) program and a diabetic self-care booklet containing self-care strategies were developed by researchers. The participants consisted of 34 elders with type Ⅱ diabetes living in the community (20 males and 14 females). They were recruited from the Gu health office registry. The results are as follows : 1. The mean age of the participants was 67.2 years, and 76.5% were being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, 14.7% insulin, and 8.8% with a combination of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. 2. There was a significant improvement in self-care efficacy at week 6 compared to week 1 (t=-3.29, p= .002) and self-care behavior at week 6 compared to week 1 (t=-3.81, p=.001). 3. According to the HbAlc results, the participants were classified as having excellent (below 7%). good (7 to 8%) or poor (over 8%) control. According to the comparison of week 1 to week 6, there was no significant difference (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test p=.564). In conclusion, a self-care program promoting self-efficacy for elders with diabetes was effective in improving self-care efficacy and self-care behavior. Further study with a longer follow up period is necessary in order to test the long term effect of the program.