In this study, the patterns and features of pupils\' conceptions are analyzed by focusing on
the chapter “Construction of Matter” in the 3rd-grade science textbook of middle school.
Pupils have developed a misconception of a scientific thesis from the chapter, which is
further embodied in their daily lives. Only a few pupils can distinguish the material from
immateriality. Mostly, they define the word “matter” with the five senses. They sketch the
arrangement of particles in matter as they see it in the textbook without understanding how
it works. Some of them apply macroscopic properties to microscopic objects such as an atom.
They have the misconception that atoms in a reagent or reactant have come out or have been
changed into other forms by heat when they are burned. The pupils even explain molecules
with “Dolton\'s atomic theory,” without understanding what a molecular model is.
In conclusion, many middle school pupils have misconceptions of material, atoms, chemical
changes, and molecules, which are fundamental conceptions in studying “Construction of
Matter.” That is why teachers have to consider the pupils\' conceptions from this study before
setting up teaching strategies. Teachers should develop appropriate instruction based on this
result, and study it more to prove its effectiveness. Furthermore, they should analyze the
patterns and features of their pupils\' conceptions in various grades and chapters when they
plan and design a lesson.