과학 기술이 발달하고 사회 구조가 복잡해짐에 따라 인간은 급격히 변화하는 사회 현상에 적응하는 과정에서 불안, 우울, 무력감, 무가치감 등 부정적인 정서 반응을 일으킬 수 있다. 불안은 두려움, 긴장, 공포감, 좋지 않은 일이 생길 것 같은 예감 등으로 정의되며 거의 예외 없이 신체적인 증상과 증후를 동반한다. 불안은 자율신경계의 교감신경계와 중추신경계를 활성화시켜 순환혈액 중의 카테콜아민과 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)의 농도를 상승시키며(Gennaro & Hennessy, 2003), 이에 따라 심혈관계에 과도한 활동성을 유발 하여 빈맥, 혈관저항 상승, 심실부정맥의 위험증가, 심근의 허혈과 산소요구도를 증가시킬 수 있다.
Anxiety and depression are the concepts that commonly used as an emotional approach in the nursing researches and most of researches have been used questionnaires as a marker of anxiety and depression. There were few researches using physiological markers in measuring anxiety and depression. Methods: Journals published between 1950 and 2007 that include depression and anxiety measuring through physiological markers were reviewed. Results: As in the case of the hypothlamus-pituitary-adrenal axis system, it appeared that cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine belonged to the category of hormones which were responsive to anxiety and depression. Plasma norepinephrine was a marker of the anxiety whereas plasma cortisol was a marker of the depression. The anxiety and depression were correlated with immune and taste, but it considered as an outcome variable not a physiological marker. Conclusion: Catecholamine and cortisol reflect anxiety and depression state. Our findings suggest that further researches are needed to distinguish between markers and outcomes of depression and anxiety using physiological markers.
서 론 연구 방법 연구 결과 및 논의 결론 및 제언
