Purpose: Purposes of this study were to develop a medication adherence improvement program for older adults and to examine effects of the program for older adults with hypertension residing in the community. Methods: The 8-week program was developed utilizing self-efficacy memory resources for older adults with hypertension. Efficacy of the program was evaluated with the study design as a three-group quasi-experimental study. Sixty-four adults aged 65 or older were recruited from a community health center and allocated to the intervention group, check group (checking for medication adherence and BP at week 5) or control group. Results: Elders in the intervention group showed higher medication time adherence than other groups at posttest. Diastolic BP was lower in the intervention group than control group at posttest. Both the intervention group and check group showed better scores than the control group on medication dose, frequency adherence, and systolic BP at posttest. Conclusion: Study results indicate that the intervention program has potential in enhancing medication time adherence. At the same time, it also showed that checking on medication adherence and BP intermittently is as effective as complicated interventions on medication adherence except for time adherence. Further study is needed to confirm these results.