Parents’ moral guidance is usually found to have a positive effect on their children’s level of moral behaviors. The more stricter the parents’ moral guidance, the higher the level of their children’s moral behaviors tend to be. It has also been found that the level of parents moral behaviors as perceived by their children has a significant effect on increasing the level of children’s moral behaviors. The higher the children’s perception of the level of their parents’ own moral behaviors, the higher the level of the children’s own moral behaviors tend to be. On obeyance of laws and public order, parents’ moral behaviors as perceived by children has a stronger effect than does their parents’ moral guidance. Parental concerns about their children’s character and manners and a harmonious family atmosphere are also generally found to have a positive effect on the formation of children’s moral behaviors. In contrast, greater parental concern about studies and academic test scores of their children, overprotectiveness of their children, and parental competition oriented goals have been shown to generally have a negative effect on the level of their children's moral behaviors.