There is a growing concern about the intrinsic value of education in contrast with instrumental ways of thinking education. In connection with this, it is claimed that aims of education should be found from the examination of the meaning of education, or of educational activities. Pursuit of knowledge for its own sake is recommended as one of the intrinsic aims of education. Someone attempts to justify this aim by way of transcendental argument. This trend has been expressed in R. S. Peters' philosophy of education and is represented by Hong Woo Lee in Korea. In this paper, we attempt to show what sort of problems there are in extracting the aim of education from the meaning of education as well as in justifying knowledge as the aim of education through the Petersian transcendental argument. Then we try to relate the value of knowledge with rational view of life.