Most of the educators agreed that instruction should be developed in accordance with the individual differences of the learner. Learner's potentiality can not be realized effectively by a single or uniform approach. Cognitive styles differences of students have been thought as important variables of their academic achievements. Recently, many studies about the cognitive differences of learners have reported that the differences of cognitive styles had an effect on learning behavior and achievements. Therefore, educators should be able to understand and diagnose the cognitive learning styles of students in schools and then facilitate personalization of human education. That is the approach to modernize and reform education and instruction. In those points of view, this research has been performed to analyze and consider the concepts of learners' cognitive styles, the approaches of appropriate assessments and. the applications in the field of education on the bases of recent suggestions and discoveries of researchers. Cognitive learning strategies are the important elements or variables to achieve individualized instruction, but they should be regarded as the targets of a continuous challenge rather than a burden to educators. But to achieve the individualization and personalization of education, we educators should make efforts to research and practice continuously in the future.