The purpose of the study of this paper is to define and rearrange the basic philosophical principles of the equality and the freedom in Rousseau's educational thought. The design of this paper is realized by analyzing Rousseau's literatures. Those are the books as EMILE, THE SOCIAL CONTRACT & THE ORIGIN OF INEQUALITY. Rousseau implies the pathological aspects in his character but he pursuits the ideal of freedom, equality and justice internally and externally. Thus Rousseau shows both bright and seamy sides of the human existence. Rousseau argues that the cause of the dehumanization is not the natural inequality but the social and the political one. Also he contends the social inequality comes from the private owenership or the economical inequality. It is the nature that is the means to alternate the social order of the inequality, Rousseau maintains. He reproaches the social inequality and don't recognize the justness of the social class, but accepts the social differences connected with the ability or the attainment. He contends that the differences in earnings can bring about the obstacles to education. Therefore students in lower class should study themselves a lot of knowledge in terms of self-education. Freedom in Rousseau holds the emotion and indicates the romanticism. According to Rousseau, freedom is the essential agency to improve the relevance between I and you. For Rousseau the authority of tutor is the indispensable factor to acquire the freedom. Emile continues to make his own existence through the communication with his tutor and to create his own values through the emotional freedom. Naturalistic education is related to the emotional and the existential matters as well as the material things and the common customs. I think materialistic education based on phisical training, discipline of sense and labor will make to facilitate children to feel the pleasure emotionally. The special features of the educated man Rousseau advocates are freedom, happiness, love, pity and solitude. And Moral disciplines to offer how to live as the liberal man, Rousseau suggests, is to control the mind. The specific character that Rousseau's thought represents IS above all the very syncretism that Kant approves too. I think educational thought of Rouseau aims at humanizing the society and changing the world by virtue of the philosophy. His educational thought partly responds to anarchism but on the whole doesn't publish it. In conclusion Rousseau's educatioal thought can be illuminated by liberalism, existentialism as well as naturalism. I maintain that Rousseau's educational thought should be comprehended by not only the analytic methods but also the emotional and literary ones.