This study was to analyze what factors that make students repeat the college entrance exam, and the result
of repeating using the KELS 2005 dataset. The result show that the decision on repeating the college entrance
exam was significantly influenced by gender, socioeconomic status, educational aspiration, school records in 12th
grade, private tutoring participation, self-directed learning time of students. And students who are graduated
from the equalized high schools are more likely to choose repeat than who did not. But career education had no
significant influence on deciding repeating.
The results also show that comparing to 12th grade of CAST(College Scholastic Ability Test), the rate of
repeaters is improved 0.75 rates in average. The lower repeaters had school grade or the CAST in 12th grade, the
higher they are likely to have a rate and enter upper colleges. When repeaters have same school grade or
background traits, repeaters who have a lower rate in CAST tend to enter upper colleges by improving CAST
score. When repeaters retrain from drinking alcohol or have higher academic self-concept during repeating, it
positively affects to improve the CAST. When they went to private institutions and took "all subjects" course for
CAST and had lots of self-directed learning time, they are more likely to improve the score and enter upper
colleges. With regarding to the effect of types of graduated high school, special-purpose high school is positively
associated with improvement in CAST score. The effects of pure-repeaters are not consistently shown by the
models. The recommendations were discussed, and directions for future studies were also proposed.