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북미 식 정상화가 SRV 이론으로 진화하기까지의 과정 탐색
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  • 북미 식 정상화가 SRV 이론으로 진화하기까지의 과정 탐색
  • A Study on Evolving Processes from North-American models of Normalization to SRV
저자명
김동국
간행물명
한국장애인복지학KCI
권/호정보
2014년|24호(통권24호)|pp.5-26 (22 pages)
발행정보
한국장애인복지학회|한국
파일정보
정기간행물|KOR|
PDF텍스트(0.63MB)
주제분야
사회복지학
서지반출

국문초록

정상화 정의에는 북구 식과 북미 식의 두 가지 상이한 견해가 있는데, 아직까지도 그 차이가 체 계적으로 규명되지 않고 있다. 그 차이는 어떻게 규명할 수 있을까? 그 진화 과정의 탐색을 통해 드러날 것으로 판단된다. 그리하여 본 연구는 북미 식 정상화의 진화 과정을 탐색하는 데에 그 목 적을 두었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 정상화 연구의 대표 학자들이 제시한 정상화에 관한 개별 정의들이 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 변천되어 갔는지를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 북구 식과 북 미 식 간에는 정상화 원칙의 범주·지향성·표적·속성 및 사회복지 모형 등의 측면에서 그 차이를 확 인할 수 있었다. 또한 양자 간의 이러한 대립으로 인해 북미 식 정상화론에서는 그 명칭을 SRV로 바꾸게 되는데, 그러한 변경과 관련한 구체적 자료를 제시함으로써 SRV의 성격을 보다 분명히 규 명하고자 노력하였다.

영문초록

This paper aims to analysis the nature of the North-American models of normalization, as it originally emerged from Scandinavia, along with its major characteristics and implications. The Principle has been subject to numerous misinterpretations, as well as confusion with the version of Normalization later developed by Wolfensberger. He has attempted to convert the early formalization of Normalization by Nirje into a scientific theory that is universal, parsimonious, and congruent with social and behavioral science. This new directions in theorizing has led to some confusion and also to a great deal of debate. So I will analysis the differences between them through a variety of definitions of normalization which scholars have proposed in Scandinavia and North America in 5 aspects: category, orientation, targets, identity and model of social welfare etc. Consequently, we are not negative toward the nature of two definition’s relations and also must not understand as a negative these evolving processes from the Scandinavian formulation to North America formulation. The Normalization principle has achieved much over the last four decades. It has survived as an educational and social tool for so long because it has led to the successful integration of devalued individuals. And social phenomena are a reflection of the large dynamics of their time and place.

목차

1. 문제 제기
2. 스칸디나비아에서 정상화 원칙의 등장
3. 북미 식으로 변형된 개념
4. 정상화의 북구 식과 북미 식의 차이
5. 북미 식 정상화에 대한 비판적 견해 : Oliver를 중심으로
6. 맺음말
참고문헌

참고문헌 (67건)

  • 김용득·김진우·유동철. 1999. 『한국 장애인복지의 이해』. 서울: 학지사.
  • 이성규. 2001. 『장애인복지정책과 노말라이제이션』. 서울: 홍익재.
  • 성명옥 역. 2004. 정상화 원리의 연구. 中園康夫. ノ-マリゼ-ション原理. 발행 연도 미상. 서울: 창지사.
  • Bank-Mikkelsen, N. E. 1969. “Denmark”. 241-252. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington. DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1980. “Denmark”. 51-70. in Normalization, Social Integration and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J. and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • Culham, A. 2003. “Deconstructing normalization: Clearing the way for inclusion”. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability 28(1): 65-78.
  • Heal, L. 1999. “Are normalization and social role valorization limited by competence?”. 197-215. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Hollander, A. 1999. “The origin of the normalization principle in Sweden and its impact on legislation today”. 407-410. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Kristiansen, K. 1999. “The impact on normalization and social role valorization in Scandinavia”. 395-406. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Leake, D. W., R. K. James, and R. A. Stodden. 1995. “Shifting paradigms to national supports: A practical response to a crisis in disabilities services”. 20-37. in Community Rehabilitation Services for People with Disabilities. edited by Karan, O. C., S. Greenspan, and J. Stark. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Lemay, R. 1999. “Roles, identities, and expectancies: Positive contributions to normalization and social role valorization”. 219-239. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Nirje, B. 1969. “The normalization principle”. 231-240. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1972. “The right to self-determination”. 176-193. in The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. edited by Wolfensberger, W. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.
  • _______.1980. “The normalization principle”. 31-50. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • _______.1999. “How I came to formulate the normalization principle”. 17-50. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Oliver, M. 1990. The Politics of Disablement: A sociological approach. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • _______. 1999. “Capitalism, disability, and ideology: A materialist critique of the normalization principle”. 163-173. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Oliver, M., and C. Barnes. 1998. Disabled People and Social Policy: From exclusion to inclusion. London: Longman.
  • _______. 2012. The New Politics of Disablement. London: Longman.
  • Parmentor, T. R. 2006. “Normalization”. 1157-1160. in Encyclopedia of Disability. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Perrin, B. 1999. “The original ‘Scandinavian’ normalization principle and its continuing relevance for the 1990s”. 181-196. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Perrin, B., and B. Nirje. 1985. “Setting the record straight: A critique of some frequent misconceptions of the normalization principle”. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 11(2): 69-74.
  • Williams, P. 1994. “A review of the conference - 25 years of normalization, social role valorization and social: A retrospective and prospective view”. SRV-VRS: The International Social Role Valorization Journal. 1(2): 39-42.
  • Wolfensberger, W. 1969. “The origin and nature of our institutional models”. 35-82. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1970. “The principle of normalization and its implications for psychiatric services”. American Journal of Psychiatry. 127: 291-297.
  • _______.1972. The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1980a. “The definition of normalization: Update, problems, disagreements, and misunderstandings”. 71-116. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • 김용득·김진우·유동철. 1999. 『한국 장애인복지의 이해』. 서울: 학지사.
  • 이성규. 2001. 『장애인복지정책과 노말라이제이션』. 서울: 홍익재.
  • 성명옥 역. 2004. 정상화 원리의 연구. 中園康夫. ノ-マリゼ-ション原理. 발행 연도 미상. 서울: 창지사.
  • Bank-Mikkelsen, N. E. 1969. “Denmark”. 241-252. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington. DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1980. “Denmark”. 51-70. in Normalization, Social Integration and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J. and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • Culham, A. 2003. “Deconstructing normalization: Clearing the way for inclusion”. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability 28(1): 65-78.
  • Heal, L. 1999. “Are normalization and social role valorization limited by competence?”. 197-215. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Hollander, A. 1999. “The origin of the normalization principle in Sweden and its impact on legislation today”. 407-410. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Kristiansen, K. 1999. “The impact on normalization and social role valorization in Scandinavia”. 395-406. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Leake, D. W., R. K. James, and R. A. Stodden. 1995. “Shifting paradigms to national supports: A practical response to a crisis in disabilities services”. 20-37. in Community Rehabilitation Services for People with Disabilities. edited by Karan, O. C., S. Greenspan, and J. Stark. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Lemay, R. 1999. “Roles, identities, and expectancies: Positive contributions to normalization and social role valorization”. 219-239. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Nirje, B. 1969. “The normalization principle”. 231-240. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1972. “The right to self-determination”. 176-193. in The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. edited by Wolfensberger, W. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.
  • _______.1980. “The normalization principle”. 31-50. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • _______.1999. “How I came to formulate the normalization principle”. 17-50. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Oliver, M. 1990. The Politics of Disablement: A sociological approach. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • _______. 1999. “Capitalism, disability, and ideology: A materialist critique of the normalization principle”. 163-173. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Oliver, M., and C. Barnes. 1998. Disabled People and Social Policy: From exclusion to inclusion. London: Longman.
  • _______. 2012. The New Politics of Disablement. London: Longman.
  • Parmentor, T. R. 2006. “Normalization”. 1157-1160. in Encyclopedia of Disability. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Perrin, B. 1999. “The original ‘Scandinavian’ normalization principle and its continuing relevance for the 1990s”. 181-196. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Perrin, B., and B. Nirje. 1985. “Setting the record straight: A critique of some frequent misconceptions of the normalization principle”. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 11(2): 69-74.
  • Williams, P. 1994. “A review of the conference - 25 years of normalization, social role valorization and social: A retrospective and prospective view”. SRV-VRS: The International Social Role Valorization Journal. 1(2): 39-42.
  • Wolfensberger, W. 1969. “The origin and nature of our institutional models”. 35-82. in Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. edited by Kugel, R. B., and A. Shearer. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1970. “The principle of normalization and its implications for psychiatric services”. American Journal of Psychiatry. 127: 291-297.
  • _______.1972. The Principle of Normalization in Human Services. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.
  • _______. 1980a. “The definition of normalization: Update, problems, disagreements, and misunderstandings”. 71-116. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • _______. 1980b. “A brief overview of the principle of normalization”. 7-30. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • _______. 1982. “A brief outline of the principle of normalization”. Rehabilitation psychology. 27(3): 131-145.
  • _______. 1983. “Social role valorization: A proposed new term for the principle of normalization”. Mental Retardation. 21(6): 234-239.
  • _______. 1984. “A reconceptualization of normalization as social role valorization”. Mental Retardation(Canada). 34(7): 22-26.
  • _______. 1999. “A contribution to the history of normalization, with primary emphasis on the establishment of normalization in North America between 1967-1975”. 51-116. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • _______. 2011. “Social role valorization: A proposed new term for the principle of normalization”. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 49(6): 435-440.
  • Wolfensberger, W., and S. Tullman. 1982. “A brief overview of the principle of normalization”. Rehabilitation Psychology. 27(3): 131-145. 1980b. “A brief overview of the principle of normalization”. 7-30. in Normalization, Social Integration, and Community Service. edited by Flynn, R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • _______. 1982. “A brief outline of the principle of normalization”. Rehabilitation psychology. 27(3): 131-145.
  • _______. 1983. “Social role valorization: A proposed new term for the principle of normalization”. Mental Retardation. 21(6): 234-239.
  • _______. 1984. “A reconceptualization of normalization as social role valorization”. Mental Retardation(Canada). 34(7): 22-26.
  • _______. 1999. “A contribution to the history of normalization, with primary emphasis on the establishment of normalization in North America between 1967-1975”. 51-116. in A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization. edited by Flynn R. J., and K. E. Nitsch. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • _______. 2011. “Social role valorization: A proposed new term for the principle of normalization”. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 49(6): 435-440.
  • Wolfensberger, W., and S. Tullman. 1982. “A brief overview of the principle of normalization”. Rehabilitation Psychology. 27(3): 131-145.
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