Due to the importance of talented scientists and engineers for the sustainable growth of the country, attracting and nurturing talented individuals in the field of science have been drawing attention through innovation of science education. Based on the current situation, this study investigated the structural relationship among science experience, science learning motivation, science achievement and science career orientation for high school students in South Korea. One hundred thirty-six 10th grade high school students in Seoul participated in the study. tructural equation modeling analysis was employed to validate the hypothetical model and analyze the causal relationships among the variables. As a result, the proposed model was acceptable with a good fit, and there were significant direct and indirect effects with all the paths of the model. That is, science experience positively nfluenced science learning motivation, and science learning motivation positively influenced both science achievement and science career orientation. Furthermore, science learning motivation plays a significant mediating role between science experience and both science achievement and career orientation. The result implies that various science experiences have an effect on science learning motivation including intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, and grade motivation. Based on the results, it is suggested that appropriate strategies for supporting in-class or out-of-class science experiences would be needed for nurturing talented science human resource. It is also crucial to study strategies which facilitate science learning motivation including intrinsic motivation for future research.