We can find various socio-cultural aspects from the physical space structure of well preserved traditional village, and reason socio-cultural meanings and values from the cognitive representation of these structures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cognitive representation on places and ways of well preserved traditional village of south area of Huangsan Mt. in China - Chengkan, Xidi and Hongcun. Frequency and percent of appearance of places and ways were calculated with the analysis of various elements on sketch-maps drawn by 40 inhabitants on three villages. And collective cognitive maps of each village were produced by digital layering process of multiple mode. The valuable meanings of sociological space in settlements will be obtained with analyzing the differences or relationship between cognitive space and physical space with cognitive mapping technique.