In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) on machining forces (feed force, thrust force and cutting force) in finish hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using developed Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) insert prepared by powder metallurgy process route. The machining experiments were performed based on standard Response Surface Methodology (RSM) called Central Composite Design (CCD). The mathematical model of each forces have been developed using second order regression analysis. The adequacy of the models and influence of each operating factors have been carried out based on Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques. It can be concluded from the present study that cutting speed and depth of cut have predominant effect on feed force whereas feed and depth of cut are the two most influencing factors for thrust force determination. But, in case of cutting force modeling, all the three parameters (feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed) have significant effect. Key parameters and their effects on forces have also been presented in graphical contours which may help for choosing operating parameter preciously. Optimized model indicates 76.51% desirability level for economy in conventional machining process.