The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mobile-based self-health management program on exercise adherence, body composition, fitness factor of elementary school students. 85 elementary school students(male=43, female=42) participated in this study. They performed physical activity utilizing mobile-based self-health management program for 12 weeks. The following items were measured before and after the program : body composition, fitness factor(flexibility, strength, power, cardiopulmonary endurance). Measure data were analyzed by chi-square and paired t-test in SPSS(ver 18.0) Results of this study showed that adherence appeared differences in drop-rate of male students(15.56%) and female students(35.56%), so male student adherence(84.44%) is higher than female students(64.44%). Body composition were showed significantly different in weight, BMI, %fat, muscle mass by male students(p<.01, p<.05). However, female students was not significantly different by %fat. Also, fitness factors were showed significantly different in flexibility and strength. Mobile-based self-health management program accompanied physical activity were effective in elementary school students' health promotion. This results can be utilized not only in fitness factor improvement but also in students' health management strategies.