This study identified influential variables in determining middle and high schools’ multivariate
outcomes which consisted of academic achievement and school satisfaction. The characteristics
of middle and high school student groups formed by the degree of school outcome similarities
were compared as well. Results revealed that the determinants in school outcomes were
‘concentration time in class’ and ‘private tutoring expenditure’ for middle schoolers, while
‘concentration time in class’ and ‘self-directed study time’ for high schoolers. These had some
educational implications: In order to enhance academic achievement and school satisfaction,
students’ competency and habit of ‘self-directed study’ should be fostered as well as
‘concentration time in class’ should be lengthened. Private tutoring was found to partly have
positive effect on academic achievement. However, too much private tutoring might hinder
students from concentrating in class, which would turn private tutoring to a negative factor in
academic achievement.