This study attempts to explore the major drivers of education fever in Korea, along with its
positive and negative legacies, and discuss ways to harness education fever as a force for public
good. The results show that the major drivers can be categorized as either social psychological
factors or social structural factors. Social psychological factors include pervasive anxiety, desires
for upward mobility, obsession with saving face, utilitarian familism, herding behavior,
egalitarianism, humanistic Confucian values, and nepotism. On the other hand, social structural
factors include limited opportunity structure, the collapse of the traditional hereditary-status
hierarchy, low fertility, meritocracy, credentialism, educational homogamy, and labor market
practices. These two types of factors interact with each other closely, and affect the formation
and strengthening of education fever in various ways. Also, it has been discovered that pervasive
anxiety, as a result of conflict between the desires for upward mobility and limited opportunity
structure, lies at the heart of education fever in Korean society. Such an anxiety has played a
pivotal role in Korea's past social and economical development, but has also given rise to
numerous social ills. In the future, in order to truly utilize the power of education fever, we need
to redirect it in a more positive direction.