I would like to analyse Lancan’s interpretations and Zupančič’s on Kant’s
ethics, and criticize them. Their thesis is that Kant’s ethical subject is in the
same structure with Sade’s characters. They act with the unconditional duty, not
for their good, nor for others one and neither for any other ideas. This has
double meanings. Kant’s ethics has the value of perversion on the one hand,
and Sade’s discourse has ethical value on the other hand. There is nor other,
neither other’s desire in the subject of perversion. That is why there is no
subject. Their subject is one without head. But I do not agree with Lacan’s
theory of id. According to him, the unknown and uncontrolled forces in
question are not primitive biological need or wild instinctual forces of nature,
but must be conceived of in linguistic terms. I suppose that the base of id is
the natural instinct of animal. Human instinct(drive) is of course beyond that of
animal. Because human instinct was distorted by the symbolic. Lacan is in
dilemma. On the one hand, he says that you must act in conformity with the
desire that is in you. On the other hand, Lacan supposes that you are symbolic
chain, and must follow it, and the existing ethical. In conclusion, I would like
to try to make the real rule to synthesize the biological rule that “to lose our
life is the worst”, and the actual situation that “we can not return into an
animal.” But this alternative must be different from the one of ego-psychology.