This study is to analyze the teachers' conception on the actual condition and level of school autonomy in the area of academic affairs and school management, teaching and administrative staff organization, personnel affairs and curriculum, and financial management. To accomplish this purpose, documents, materials and research data concerning school autonomy were analyzed and studied. And to analyze the teachers' conception on the actual condition of school autonomy, survey method was adopted. The subjects for survey were principals, vice-principals and teachers of elementary and secondary schools. On synthesizing the result of the analysis on teachers' conception on actual condition of school autonomy, the degree of participating in decision making of school members is slightly higher than the degree of sticking to traditional practices and guidelines of superior administrative office in the area of academic affairs and school management, and curriculum. On the other hand, degree of sticking to traditional practices and guidelines of superior administrative office is higher than degree of participating in decision making of school members in the area of personnel affairs, on-the-job training and supervision, administrative and financial affairs, and community affairs. School management activities were often done by traditional practices and guidelines of superior administrative office rather than creative and autonomous management based on the individual characteristic of schools. The direction and disposition of promoting autonomy of schools should be differentiated depend on the area of autonomy.