청각기관은 재태 연령 8주쯤 형상이 나타나기 시작하여 코 르티기관을 포함한 내이는 재태 연령 20주에 여러 감각기관 중 가장 먼저 성인의 형태를 갖추어 초기 기능을 할 수 있게 되고 말소리를 수용하는 능력도 생긴다(Del Rey et al., 1995). 1~6개 월의 영아는 태내기에 들은 초분절적인 정보를 바탕으로 초분 절적인 정보와 분절적인 정보에 대해 인지학습을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 이를 이용하여 태아는 청각적 정보뿐만 아니라 말소 리 정보를 암호화한다(Liberman et al., 1957). 7∼12개월의 영 아는 청각인지과정에서 학습을 통하여 초분절적인 정보를 조직 화하고 의미 있는 분절적인 정보를 배우는 데 초점을 두며 네 가지 학습 메커니즘--인지기억, 연관학습, 통계적 학습, 사회적 상호작용과 경험에 대한 동기유발--을 통하여 학습한다(Houston, 2011).
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop Korean Infant Vocal and Articulatory Development (KIVAD) list and to set up a baseline for ultimately applying for articulations and vocalization of infants’ aural rehabilitation program. Methods: 24 normal hearing infants at 1-3 month age group, 28 at 4-5, 33 at 6-7, 34 at 8-9, 34 at 10-11, 35 at 12-13, 36 at 14-15, 23 at 16-17, 35 at 18- 19, 37 at 20-21, and 43 at 22-24 participated in this study. We videotaped and analyzed their 34,065 vocalizations and articulations. The vocalization samples were analyzed according to 24 types of vocalization, and then counted prevalence of a certain vocalization out of total. The articulation samples were analyzed by 17 vowels and 18 initial and seven final consonants. Two analysis methods were used. One was the proportion analysis showing a ratio of prevalence of production for a certain month period of each articulation. The other was the acquisition age analysis showing a percentage of infants who produced corresponding articulation more than three times out of total infants. Then the results were classified emerging level (25-49%), acquisition level 1 (50-74%) and acquisition level 2 (75% and over). Based on these analyses, KIVAD was composed. Results: Vocal developmental section was presented at ‘KIVAD_V’ and articulatory developmental sections were presented at ‘KIVAD_AA’ and ‘KIVAD_AB’ based on two analysis methods. Conclusion: KIVAD can be utilized to determine an infant’s vocalization and articulation level and be useful for setting a goal in the aural rehabilitation program for the hearing impaired infants.
INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSIONS
