The purpose of this study is to discuss the need for the education of Korean traditional science knowledge(TSK) and to explore its educational value. Science education in Korea has focused on the western modern science(WMS). According to the viewpoint of multicultural science education, school science education in non-western countries is a process of culturalizing students into WMS. And it also explains that exclusion of student’ traditional orientation makes science difficult and arouses their internal confusion caused by cultural conflict. Traditional science reflecting my own history and experience can help resolve cultural conflicts and enrich science education by providing equality, cultural relevance, and cultural diversity in science education. Every culture has its own indigenous knowledge(IK) that results from the interaction of people living in the same area and interaction with nature for a long time. IK reveals the nature of science in that it explains the relativity of scientific knowledge and its human and social influence. Korean traditional science includes developing IK, actively interacting with the outside, and doing systematic scientific activities. Scientific properties, cultural specificity, and historical context should be considered to understand the essence of the Korean TSK. The factors of the Korean TSK are IK development, acceptance of advanced scientific knowledge, and our own scientific system, through the lenses of ancestors as subjects of action, the Korean peninsula as a context of place, and the viewpoint of our cultural perspective. Until now, the Korean TSK education has failed in delivering the essence of TSK in that it includes just a part of TSK. Instead, TSK should be explicitly and systematically contained in science education. Students are expected to keep balance between various cultures and build the ideal identity of science culture through TSK education.