Rapidly increased population of old age required long term care and support and national intervention into the caring and support so far attributed mainly to the responsibility of family. The Ministry of Health and Welfare issued 'General Plan of Old Age Long Term Recuperation and Care' in Feb. 2001, and showed the national interest in the old ages' desire for long term recuperation and care. This discussion, however, emphasized health and medical use and expenditure of the aged, merely excluding the discussion of desire of social welfare, besides medical desire, like difficulty in daily life and accordingly the problem of support, difficulty of family relation, and social and economical desire. Therefore the understanding and discussing the currently argued 'Old Age Long Term Recuperation Security System' in terms of social welfare enable the investigation of the desire of family and community caused by old ages who need long term caring and the prediction of the social problems derived from it. Ultimately it enables groping for a plan that can provide the aged who need long term recuperation and caring with a comprehensive social welfare service including health, medicine, recuperation and welfare. The introduction of recuperation security system is an institutional apparatus fulfilling the old ages' and families' desire of health and welfare and a network of social security. The guarantee of the security, stability and continuity of the system is very important in that the institutional protection and guarantee to the aged who need caring is connected directly to the guarantee of the old ages' quality of life and well being. The social responsibility of the expenditure of support and socialization of support, one of social security, is an important factor for social unity and maintenance of equity among classes.