귀인양식(Attributional style)이란 개인이 경험하는 상황을 해석하는 인지적 양식으로, 긍정적 또는 부정적 상황의 원인을 추론하는 방식을 의미한다. 사람들은 실패 또는 성공 상황을 겪을 때, 실패와 성공의 원인을 어떻게 설명하는가에 따라, 개인의 정서적 반응과 미래에 대한 기대감 이 달라지며, 그에 따라 행동에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 가령, 학업에서의 실패가 자신의 능력에 서 비롯된 것이고, 다른 상황에서도 실패할 것으로 여기는 사람은 우울하고 무기력하며, 미래의 학업 성취에 대해서도 비관적인 태도를 보여 결과적으로 낮은 학업수행을 보일 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 반면, 자신의 노력과 능력으로 인해 성공적 결과를 얻었으며, 다른 상황에서도 늘 성공 적 결과를 얻을 것으로 여기는 사람들은 자신감, 높은 학업동기를 갖게 되어 결과적으로 높은 학업성취로 이어질 것으로 예상해 볼 수 있다.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of mothers’ and children’s emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting on children’s attributional style. Methods: The participants of this study were 253 4th, 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and their mothers in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed by path analysis using AMOS 21.0. Results: The results were as follows: First, children’s attributional style for negative and positive events was significantly related to children’s emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Also, mothers’ and children’s emotional instability was significantly associated with affectionaterational parenting. Second, mothers’ emotional instability had indirect effects on children’s attributional style for negative and positive events through maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Finally, children’s emotional instability had not only significant effects on children’s attributional style for positive achievement events, but also indirect effects on children’s attributional style for negative and positive events through maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that both environmental and individual factors, including mothers’and children’s emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting, need to be considered to explain children’s attributional style. Also, these findings have implications for developing intervention programs for children’s attributional style and parental education.
I. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 Ⅲ. 결과 및 해석 Ⅳ. 논의 및 결론 참고문헌
