애착은 엄마와 아기의 밀접한 스킨십과 정서적 교류이다. 부모가 아기와 사랑으로 스킨십과 상호교류를 강화시켜 아기가 정서적으로 안정된 환경을 얻을 수 있도록 하는 것이 애착육아이다. 이를 통해 아기는 부모와 강한 유대감을 형성하여 유아기는 물론 청소년기와 성인기에도 긍정적인 영향을 주게 된다(Bowlby, 1951). 이러한 형태의 애착 형성은 부모의 역할과 육아법에서 비롯되는데, Sears 부부는 1980년대 이후 출간한 여러 육아 저서를 통해 애착육아법을 정의하고 대중화하고자 하였다(Sears & Sears, 2011). 이후 국제애착육아협회(Attachment Parenting International, API) 등의 단체가 애착육아법을 실행할 수 있도록 지원하였으며(Nicholson & Parker, 1994), 2012년에 시사주간지 『Time』지에서도 애착육아 내용을 표지로 내세워 애착육아가 효율적이고 장점이 많은 육아법임을 강조하였다(Pickert, 2012). 우리나라에서는 애착육아가 1984년에 처음 소개되었고 이후 여러 방면에서 애착육아의 중요성이 강조되었는데 2012년에는 EBS 다큐멘터리에서 전통적 육아법이 애착형성에 적절하다고 설명하여 애착육아법이 더욱 주목을 받게 되었다(Kim, 2012).
This study was aimed to review the history and definition of attachment parenting and to identify the types and merits of it and attachment plays based on attachment parenting. The early rehabilitation is essential to infants and toddlers with a congenital hearing loss for auditory and language development. Attachment parenting refers to close ties between parent and child based on skinship and emotional exchange. There are four different types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and insecure-disorganized. Among them, secure attachment is the optimal type through which an infant could learn to trust mother and maintain emotional stability even when the mother was absent. In Korea, the use ondol and podaegi, which can create attachment naturally had been used traditionally. Further Dandongsibhoon, a traditional play, is in accordance with the definition of attachment parenting. Therefore, Korean method of child rearing is proper for attachment parenting. It was known that attachment parenting enhanced self-esteem, increased independence, promoted social skills, and facilitated brain and language development, so that it could be used as a method of rehabilitation related to the development of auditory, language, and cognitive abilities. Recently developed the Korean Aural Rehabilitation for Infants integrated many attachment parenting means and sought to raise the efficacy of early rehabilitation. Conclusively, we hope that early rehabilitation applying attachment parenting services in Korea could be expanded so that even infants and toddlers with congenital hearing loss would grow up without having to go through many hearing-impairment problems.
INTRODUCTION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
