The seed industry is expected to play an important role in future food supply as a high value-added
industry in which technology and capital are concentrated. However, since the industry is dominated by a
minority of multinational corporation, only patent rights of the corporation tend to be important. This
approach does not take into account the right of farmers, who are consumers of patent seeds, and various
interests such as both environmental and farmers rights are causing conflicts. Thus, it is necessary to come
up with a solution for the issues through a balanced discussion. This study investigates the patent
exhaustion doctrine and proposes a limited patent exhaustion theory from a new perspective. It also
discusses the legalization of farmers' rights as a practical way for a balance of profits between patentees
and farmers through a review of related laws. This study has a contribution in that suggesting reasonable
alternatives to consider farmers’ expenditure of effort on subsequent seeds produced later.