Given the central role of professional identity, (i.e., collective self-esteem) in this study, this research examined whether collective self-esteem mediated or moderated the relations between job satisfaction and counselor burnout variables in a sample of 216 professional counselors in Korea. Results indicated that collective self-esteem mediated the relationships between job satisfaction and three subscales of counselor burnout (i.e. devaluing client, negative work environment, and incompetence). Furthermore, greater job satisfaction was positively related to greater sense of private and public collective self-esteem. In addition, greater private collective-esteem was negatively related to counselor’s feelings of incompetence and detached relationship with clients, and greater public collective self-esteem was negatively related to counselors’ negative work environment. Implications for counselor educators and supervisors were discussed.