The main purpose of this study is to examine available alternatives for solving several problems (such as too much emphasis on private education) in school education, and for designing effective instruction. We investigated class constructs in terms of learning motivation, academic achievement, and transfer. We then divided constructs into learners' characteristics(intelligence, metacognition, prior knowledge, self-efficacy, and goal orientation), teaching methods (individual learning, collaborative learning, problem based learning, and peer tutoring), learning contents (self-relevance, ambiguity, and novelty), and classroom environments (competition, autonomy, and assessment/feedback). Based on previous studies, we discussed the problems of applying these factors in class, and designing the learning environment for effective instruction. It was suggested that we have to understand students’ needs (what learners want), to prepare systemic instruction, to construct integrated texts or learning materials, and to make an autonomy-supportive classroom environment for effective instruction. Moreover, it was highly recommended to establish different levels instruction such as considering learner interest levels or ability, and methods such as providing immediate feedback system and so on.