The purposes of this study were to investigate the overall effect of story structure instruction on students' reading comprehension of narrative stories and to identify the moderator variables of story structure instruction on it. As a research method for this study, a research synthesis approach called as a meta-analytic review was used, which is a statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies. From the result of the overall effect of story structure instruction on students' reading comprehension of narrative stories, the average effect size of story structure instruction on story reading comprehension was .82. It was considered as a very large effect size. Of a variety of potential moderator variables, instructional type was found to be a significant moderator variable for students' reading comprehension of narrative stories. These findings show that teaching story structure instruction to students can sufficiently facilitate their reading comprehension of narrative stories. Moreover, they indicate that story structure instruction combined with literacy activities such as talk and writing can play a crucial role in increasing their story reading comprehension.