The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of MeFOT-based attention training, which is a part of MeFOT-based creative thinking training, on improving young children's attention and self-regulation, and to analyze how those effects are different according to young children's gender. For the purpose, this researcher sampled 50 five-year-old children from two classes and divided into the experimental and control groups, each having 25 members.In this study, experiments were conducted with the program of MeFOT-based attention training which was applied to the experimental group for 8 sessions. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, MeFOT-based attention training has significant, positive influences on improving young children's attention as a whole and all of its sub-areas like visual, auditory and sustained attention, irrespective of those children's gender Thus, young children's attention can be improved through MeFOT-based attention training provided in the field of early childhood education. Second, MeFOT-based attention training has significant, positive effects on improving young children's self-regulation as a whole and all of its sub-areas like self-control, impulsiveness and attention. The effects of that training on impulsiveness are significantly different according to young children's gender. Thus, it is recommendable for early childhood education institutions to use MeFOT-based attention training in improving young children's self-regulation.