The purpose of this study was to investigate on body and physical education culture of small rural school student by using ethnographical method. So the researcher described its major characteristics by means of analyzing their social and educational, physical environment and their consciousness. In this research, the researcher has one terminal question; What is the reality of body and physical education culture of small rural school student. The topics of this study may be summarized as follows: First, what is characteristics expressed on the action in or out-of school and their play, game, class, style of leisure. Second, how the student lived and adopted in line with their social an cultural situation. The data gathered was divided into two stage: the first stage (May-November 2007) was gathered by participant observation about their action, event, place, relationship etc. At the same time, the researcher interviewed with six principal informant which is selected by criterion-by sampling in this school students, and support informant which is their parents, an acting principal, a principal. After that was the one gathering the supplementary data required by structuring the accumulated data in previous stage and data was reconfirmed in second stage(May 2007 - May 2008). The data analyses utilized for study were the taxonomic analysis, and the time-process analysis. The main uncovered cutural themes of this study are as follows: First main theme is 『coexistence of richness and poverty』. Student were lacking in imitation object and experience. And they were estranged of the national curriculum. Second main theme is 『the small rural physical education in a crisis』. The existence of school is absolute for this students and effected their body and physical educational culture. And an educational institution which is necessary for attending school effected their culture. Third main theme is 『the desire and frustration: physical education 』. As they wanted new something new , they walked out this area and met new culture. This tendency is growing by getting older. This experience extended their own culture and helped adaptation for middle school life. ※ Key words : small rural school student, physical education culture, richness and poverty