This study was to investigate the effect of hand stand on the development of physique and physical fitness of the elementary school students. One hundred sixty students(boy 80, girl 80) were selected from fifth graders experimental(80) and control(80) groups. Dependent variables were chest girth, neck girth, arm girth tensed(left and right), arm girth flexed(left and right), as physique factors and grip strength(left and right), back strength, two hand medicine ball put, sit and reach test, bridge up test, tripod balance, stork stand as physical fitness factors. The students in the experimental group were instructed to practice hand stand for ten weeks. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Physical factors 1) There was a significant difference in the arm girth(right) tensed between two mail groups. 2) No difference could be seen in other factors, which did not represent the exercise effect for the subjects. 2. Physical fitness 1) There was a significant difference in grip strength of experimental group. 2) There was a significant difference in back strength of girls of experimental group. 3) There was a significant difference in two hand medicine ball put of experimental group. 4) There was a significant difference in sit and reach and bridge up test of experimental group. 5) There was a significant difference in tripod balance and stork stand of experimental group.