This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mothers’ perceived housework and child-rear sharing, and their parenting stress, and to explore how maternal efficacy moderates the relationships between them. The sample was 256 mothers with 5th or 6th graders who were selected by convenient sampling method in Gangwon-do, and 218 subjects were analyzed. Housework-sharing and Parenting Scale(HPS) and Parenting Stress Scale(PSS) were used to measure the subjective awareness on sharing housework and child-rearing. Meanwhile, Efficacy Scale of Parents with School-aged Children(ESPSC) was used to assess the maternal efficacy. To examine the relationships between participation in housework and child rearing, and parenting stress, the study conducted multiple regression analysis. To test the moderating effects of maternal efficacy, the study added interaction term of maternal efficacy and independent variables in those multiple regression analyses. First of all, mothers’ participations in housework, child rearing were not significantly associated with their parenting stress. Second, regarding the relationships between maternal efficacy and parenting stress, the role stress coping which is one of 8 factors of maternal efficacy had negative relations with both two factors of parent stress. school-life management efficacy which is another factor of maternal efficacy had the negative relationships with parental role stress. Third, the maternal efficacy had a partially moderating effects in the relationships between participation in housework and child rearing, and parenting stress. The findings imply that it is more effective to enhance parent efficacy than to decrease burdens of house work and child-rearing in alleviating parental stress.