A university history museum is an archive that preserves the history and identity of a university, as well as a place that promotes such information to university members, alumni, and visitors from the outside. As applicable laws have been legislated and archives and records management majors in universities have been established over the last two decades, it is becoming increasingly common for a university to establish a history museum on its campus. A history museum, which primarily collects, stores, and utilizes historical records, uses display space to introduce a university’s history. A university that does not have a history museum as a standalone establishment uses its main building, library, or museum to display historical records about its establishment and progress. Nonetheless, universities that use a history museum to not only collect, store, and organize historical records but also display them are rare; two examples are Korea University and Ewha Women’s University. Since it decided to use its main building as a history museum in 2008, Hanyang University has operated its university archives for the opening of its history museum; it launched the History Museum Establishment Committee in 2014 and preparations for the opening have been under way. Since the history museum opened in November 2015, the university has actively engaged with visitors and the community by providing museum tour programs, selecting and coordinating HY : D supporters, and holding a variety of events. This paper examines the opening process and operation of a university history museum based on the case of the Hanyang University history museum and highlights the roles and challenges that a university history museum must address. A history museum plays a role as a public relations institution to establish the identity of a university in addition to other challenges that it must undertake, such as updating a display hall and developing and providing content. As a result of trial and error and various experiences during the opening process, this university history museum may serve as a reference for the opening of history museums in other educational institutions; this study is expected to evaluate the museum’s operation status for the past two years which will lay the foundation for the museum to carry out more activities in the future.