The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of marital communication ability and psychological well-being in the relation to self-identity and depression in middle aged men. Data were collected in a self-report questionnaire using self-identity, marital communication ability, psychological well-being, CES-D scale to 392 middle aged men in Chonbuk, Chonnam, Chungnam, and Pusan provinces. The correlations of all variables were analyzed using SPSS 24.0, and AMOS 21.0 were used to verify the mediated effect of marital communication ability and psychological well-being in the relationship between self-identity and depression. As a result, first, there was a significant positive correlation between self-identity, marital communication ability and psychological well-being, and there was a significant negative correlation between depression and other variables. Second, self-identity had a direct effect on marital communication ability and psychological well-being. Marital communication ability had a direct effect on psychological well-being and psychological well-being had a direct effect on depression. Third, marital communication ability and psychological well-being were indirect effect in the relationship between self-identity and depression. Lastly, marital communication ability and psychological well-being clarity fully mediated the relationship between self-identity and depression. According to the results of the study, counseling implications, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were proposed.