Teachers play the key roles in improving educational quality. However, teaching is still not a favorably attractive profession for Thai people. Great efforts have been made to improve the status and standard of the teaching profession, as well as to improve teaching profession and implement teacher reform in Thailand. This article aims to present the essential details of teaching profession and teacher reform in Thailand according to National Education Act B.E. 2542 (1999) and Amendments (Second National Education Act B.E. 2545 (2002)). Details on teaching profession reform, professional standards for teachers, five-year pre-service education program, professional license, as well as learning and teaching reform were presented. Key words : teacher profession, teacher reform, Thailand