On October 13, 2008, the Financial Services Commission, a financial policy-maker and
regulator in Korea, announced the proposed amendments to the Bank Act. The core one
of the amendments is to deregulate bank ownership, particularly, alleviating the
restrictions on bank ownership by a non-financial company group. This issue is a severe
controversial one in Korea in that there has been controversial arguments about whether
the control on a bank by a non-financial company group should be permitted or not.
The Korean government has stuck to maintaining the policy of prohibiting a non-financial
company group from controlling a bank, and now the new government seeks to shift
such policy.
The key elements of the 2008 proposed amendments to the Bank Act are as follows:
first, a fund such as a pension fund, even if it would fall into a non-financial company
group, would be allowed to own more than 10% of voting shares of a nationwide
commercial bank; second, the criteria for a private equity fund (the \"PEF\") being regarded
as a non-financial company group would be alleviated so that a non-financial company
group may increase its investments in such PEF, for example, increasing the current 10%
limit to 30% ceiling to such PEF; third, a non-financial company group would be
permitted to directly own up to 10% of voting shares of a nationwide commercial bank
from the current 4% ceiling; and fourth, instead of easing such ownership, monitoring and regulations on such a non-financial company group becoming a large shareholder would
be more enforced. However, some drawbacks on the proposed amendments are found;
for example, the proposed amendments do not take any severe sanction such as the order
of disposition of bank shares on a large shareholder who violates the relevant provisions
prohibiting unfair transactions between such a large shareholder and the bank; and the
scope of new definition of a large shareholder as non-financial company group is not so
broad to cover any non-financial company group exerting a de-facto management
influence on a bank.
Overall, the 2008 proposed amendments to the Bank Act are evaluated as non-desirable
in that they have some drawbacks in a legal respect and as well some problems in respect
of financial policy because the control on a bank by a non-financial company group
would be believed to cause many adverse effects on the banking industry as well as the
financial industry.