This study examines what predicts levels of father participation (e.g., verbal stimulation, caregiving, and physical play) using a path analysis. Its sample of 5,089 U.S. infants and their families was drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Fathers were participated in their infants in high levels of caregiving and physical play but less so in verbal stimulating activities. According to the result based on Belsky’s process model of parenting, predictors of father participation depended on the type of father participation; father’s human capital (college level) is most predictive of fathers engaging with their infants in verbal stimulating activities. Fathers’ psychological well-being and the quality of their relationships with their couple consisently predicted to less participation in caregiving and physical play. Surprisingly, cohabiting fathers were more likely to show more father participation than married fathers.