This paper investigates the determinants of patriotic consciousness. Following the cultural and institutional theory, it analyzes how the patriotic consciousness, that is, spirit for defending country, national pride, national identity are differentiated by institutional circumstance and social capital. Aggregate data on economic and political circumstance are combined with survey data on patriotic consciousness and social capital. Used data are collected from 37 countries. This research finds that ① the level of democracy negatively affects to the spirit for defending country, ② the nation's economic size negatively affects to the
national identity, ③ the level of economic development negatively affects to the spirit for defending country and national pride, ④ the degree of satisfaction with the financial situation of household positively contributes to the spirit for defending country and national pride, ⑤ interpersonal trust positively contributes to the spirit for defending country, but negatively affects to the national pride, ⑥ institutional trust positively contributes to the spirit for defending country, national pride and national identity, ⑦ membership in associations positively contributes to the national pride and national identity.
From this results, it is confirmed that on the one hand, political democratization and economic development grow weak the patriotic consciousness, on the other hand, social capital reinforces the patriotic consciousness. Based upon such results, this research discusses how to raise up patriotic consciousness through the increase of social capital.