With the anticipation of facing problems that may follow the post-reunification integration process in the education sector, the purpose of this study is to understand the perceptions and experiences of teachers in North Korea(NK). For this purpose, we looked into the education culture in NK through document research and interviews with North Korean escapees who have had teaching experiences formerly in NK. We especially focused on how teachers in NK interact with students and their parents, and what kind of role they assign to themselves in the process of working in their schools.
The study results revealed the following. First, the normative role assigned to the teacher in the North Korean system are those of intellectual and revolutionary activist who faithfully accomplish the given tasks. The NK teachers prioritized the process of adapting the students to the collective system over maximizing individual potential through education. Second, in the context of everyday school experience, the study participants underscored their responsibilities and sense of calling as professional revolutionaries. However, they had to compromise with the realities of NK’s unstable economic situation, and in the process reconsider their status as teachers. Third, we looked into the influences and authority of the NK teachers by analyzing their dynamics with the students. In NK, the class was managed through a process known as ‘responsible homeroom teacher system’where the student-teacher ties remained very close for many years. Such a system engendered a structural environment where teacher authority became very strong. Ultimately, teacher rights and authority were buttressed by operational power over the politics of controlling the student body in everyday life.
In the end, this study explores the normative teacher role in NK and how teachers interpret, accommodate, and change such a normative structure in their daily activities as teachers. The meaning of this research can be derived from the fact that the study goes beyond simple, functional understanding of school education in NK, and attempted an in-depth exploration of real experiences in the lives of teachers in NK.