The purpose of this study was to identify children’s temperamental profiles and their relationships with children’s internalization and externalization of problems reported by their mothers and teachers through a latent profile analysis. A total of 405 children were recruited; their mothers evaluated the children’s temperaments and behavioral problems. Their teachers also evaluated the children’s behavioral problems. For both internalization and externalization of problems, three latent classes were identified: “pull and push conflict,” “self-effacing,” and “steady.” Children experiencing the “pull and push conflict” were assessed as having high levels of novelty seeking (a personality trait) and harm avoidance (a temperament). They strongly internalized and externalized problems reported by mothers but also internalized problems reported by teachers. The temperaments of children in the “steady” class were high for reward dependence and persistence; further, they were less likely to internalize problems reported by mothers and teachers. This study explicitly shows how children’s temperamental profiles relate to their behavioral problems, and it provides an implication for possible intervention strategies.