This paper is a study about the background of the establishment of the National Science Museum and its operation. Situated in DaeJeon, the National Science Museum represents the scientific advancements of South Korea. Currently, the National Science Museum hosts various exhibitions and conducts programs to disseminate the Korean scientific technologies and its culture. Planned as early as the 1980s, this science museum aimed to solve the problems the previous national science museum(seoul, 1972) had and to familiarize the whole nation with science. Gwacheon was originally considered as an appropriate site for the new museum because of its optimum conditions in many aspects. When the establishment plan of the new national science museum became part of the nation s fifth five-year economic and social development plan, however, the building site was changed to Daedeok. It was due to the fact that the government had already established a plan to centralize many scientific and research facilities in Daedeok. Since its establishment under the slogan, Place of Science, Technology, and Culture , the National Science Museum(DaeJeon, 1990) has become a cultural hub where the Korean people can enjoy a diversity of exhibitions and programs in which they can experience various scientific advancements and learn the latest information on technology. Various businesses that the national science museum(DaeJeon, 1990) provided followed today s trends in science museums of other countries. That is, it played a role of a science museum as well as a science center. In addition, it promoted and amplified the nation s interest in Korea s traditional technologies. By starting programs in which the public can participate and in particular, programs in which whole families can participate, the National Science Museum has founded its base to play a role as the mainstay of the nation s science, technology, and culture.