The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the resilience of middle school 3rd grade students in school adjustment. The questions raised for this research are as follows. ① Does the resilience and school adjustment of middle school third graders differ according to gender? ② Does the student s resilience affect school adjustment? ③ Does the resilience of the 3rdgrade middle school students affect school adjustment, subordinate variables such as peer relations, teacher-student relationships, school life, and learning activities? For this purpose, 116 of middle school 3rd grade students were selected as research subjects. The measurement of the resilience is YKRQ-27 developed by Shin Woo-Yeol, Kim Min-gyu, and Kim Joo-hwan (2009), and the school adjustment was measured by the scale of school adjustment developed by Lee Gyu-mi (2005). Correlation analysis and regression analysis were done by using SPSSWIN 23.0 program. The results of the study were as follows. First, there was no significant difference between groups according to gender (male and female students). The mean value of male students was high at the insignificant level of the majority of the variables, but the average value of the female students was higher in positivity as a sub-factor of resilience, in learning activity among the sub-factors of school adjustment. Second, the resilience was found to have a significant positive effect on school adjustment. This means that students with a high resilience can adjust well to school life. Third, the resilience was found to have a significant positive effect on peer relations, teacher - student
relationship, school life, and learning activities. This means that students with a high resilience index have good peer relations and teacher-student relationships and can do well in school life and learning activities. Fourth, among control, positivity and sociality as sub-factor categories of resilience, positivity and sociality except control have a significant influence to school adjustment. Positiveness refers to gratitude, life satisfaction, and optimism. In conclusion, it is empirically proved that the resilience of middle school third grade students affects school adjustment. However, the limitation in research subjects’ participation may not be able to generalize the result of the study. However, a variety of studies to improve the resilience index may be useful for enhancing the school adjustment of the middle school 3rd graders.