Drawing upon diverse ethical, philosophical, and ideological approaches to human agency, this study sought to unravel the multiple meanings of student agency proposed in the OECD Education 2030 project. Through this effort, this paper suggests how student agency should be interpreted and connected to the 2022 Revised National Curriculum. Major findings reveal that the concept of agency proposed by the OECD partially recognizes critical views on subjectivity, choice, and responsibility but mostly maintains a neoliberal perspective and ideas. In particular, the rich meanings of student agency discussed in the preliminary research report and the next-to-final report were largely neglected in the project's final position paper and conceptual notes, and some contradictions derived from this process were thinly covered with rhetorical devices. Finally, this study discusses implications for the 2022 Revised National Curriculum in relation to diverse perspectives on the meaning of agency and the OECD's interpretation and application of the concept.