This study developed scales to investigate the distribution norm and justice sensitivity of 471 middle and high school students in Korea. The results are as follows. (1) Students placed importance on ability, effort, and necessity, in that order, as the standard for distributing rewards regardless of school level or gender. Meanwhile, the latent profile analysis suggested that about 50% of the students were meritocracists, placing greater importance on ability than necessity and effort in distribution. (2) As a result of checking whether differences exist in the distribution standard applied by students according to the type of reward, ability was found to be the most preferred, regardless of the type of reward. In the case of grades, the tendency to value ability was the strongest, and it was found that effort and need were considered relatively more heavily in the case of praise and prize money, respectively. (3) When a victim's justice sensitivity was high, there was a tendency to primarily consider ability as the distribution standard, and it was found that the perpetrator's justice sensitivity predicts a relatively higher valuation on effort.