Objective: This study sought to examine the moderating effects of the correlating relationship between mother’s coping with children’s negative emotions and children’s temperaments regarding their behavioral problems. Methods: The study was conducted on 808 personss, employing the mothers of the first to sixth graders attending four elementary schools in S city. The survey evaluated the effects of childrens’ temperaments and mothers’ coping abilities with children’s negative emotions and their internalizing and externalizing of problems. Descriptive statistics were produced and a Pearson correlation was obtained a hierarchical regression was determined for conducting a moderating effect analysis using SPSS Statistics 22 software. Results: The influence of children’s temperaments on their behavioral problems, and the moderating effects of mother’s coping with children’s negative emotions, differed between boys and girls. With boys, mothers’ non-supportive coping with their children’s negative emotions showed an aggravating effect on the children’s high harm avoidance temperament regarding their ability to internalize problems; with girls, on the other hand, a mother’s supportive coping with children’s negative emotions created a buffering effect in terms of the effect on their high harm avoidance temperament regarding their ability to internalize problems. For externalizing behavioral problems, the only main effects that were significant in both boys and girls concern the temperaments of the children, along with the mother’s coping with the children’s negative emotions. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm the influence of the children’s temperaments on their behavior problems and also confirm the moderating effects had by a mother’s coping, in the relationship between their temperaments and the children’s behavior problems, with children’s negative emotions and according to the gender of the child. Finally, future studies are encouraged based on the findings and limitations of the current study.