The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the early childhood teachers’ effecitive running of their classes for young children in preschool educational institutions and to look for supporting direction for the teachers by looking into the relationship between the efficacy and competence of the teachers in accordance with their job environment. For this, I have selected study tool by each variable and 500 early childhood teachers in the preschool educational institutions located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were collected as research subjects from January to March 2020, and 448 copies of the collected questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The analysis of the questionnaires is done with reliability, descriptive statistic, correlation analysis and regression analysis and so on by using SPSS 25.0. The results of this study were as follows. Pearson correlation about the r relationship among job environment, efficacy and competence of the early childhood teachers has shown that job environment, efficacy and competence have meaningful correlation in general. In addition looking into the results of this study about the effect of the early childhood teachers’ job environment on efficacy of the early childhood teachers mediated by competence with using regression analysis, the teachers’ job environment directly affects on their competence about 29%. In addition analyzing total indirect effect of the early childhood teachers’ job environment on efficacy mediated by competence by using standard multiple regression analysis, it affects 69%. Therefore if directors provide various job environment to develop the early childhood teachers’ competence, teachers will display their excellent efficacy and contribute to improve educational quality.