This study purposed to investigate whether infantile temperaments mediated maternal anxiety and parenting stress. The study subjects comprised mothers of children aged between three and five years residing in Daegu, South Korea. The following results were obtained. First, maternal anxiety levels significantly influenced parenting stress in the participating mothers. Second, a significantly positive association was found between maternal anxiety levels and infant temperaments associated with sociality and emotionality. Overall, a significantly negative connection was determined between parenting stress and the activity factor of infant temperaments. Third, only the infant temperament sub-factor of emotionality mediated partially between maternal anxiety and parenting stress.