This study is aimed at discovering the various impacts that spiritual wellbeing and self-esteem have on the life satisfaction of the aged. In order to achieve the purpose, this study is based on an analysis of the different factors impacted by spiritual well-being and self-esteem in their cause-and-effect relationships. As for statistical method, Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)was used to verify the paths of the model, sample size was 637. Through AMOS 5.0, the results obtained from the final model are as follows:First, spiritual well-being had statically significant effect on self-esteem and life satisfaction. Second, self-esteem had statically significant effect on spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. Third, life satisfaction had statically significant effect on self-esteem and outer exogenous factors such as the health and economic status, human relationships, housing and dietary environment, work and leisure. Among the outer factors, work and leisure had the strongest impact. Fourth, life satisfaction had statically significant impact on endogenous factors such as aging attitude, self-fulfillment, life satisfaction in the present reality, and self-esteem. Among the inner factors,self-esteem had the strongest impact.